南瓜新品种龙园栗香的选育

龙园栗香南瓜是从日本和韩国引进品种中 ,经分离选育的自交系 93- 12 - 8和 93- 9- 7配制的早熟南瓜一代杂种 ,果实扁圆形 ,果皮墨绿色 ,覆白绿色点条斑纹 ,平均单瓜质量 2 .0kg ,果肉桔黄色 ,可食率达 80% ,肉质香面适口、品质佳。从播种至采收 80d(天 )左右 ,较抗白粉病和病毒病 ,平均产量逾 5 0 0 0 0kg·hm-2 。     

浅谈二种生活用具在棉花自交与杂交中的应用

棉花在栽培过程中,为了获得好性状的棉珠,利用自交与杂交技术进行育种,本文论述小铁夹和吸汽水管方法的精髓及注意事项。     

硬质海岸防护设施的生态效应与对策

虽然滨海地区占地球陆地面积不足4%，但沿海生境是全球最有价值的自然资源之一。世界上超过三分之一的人口生活在距海岸线100 km的范围内。气候变化和人类活动使得全球海岸侵蚀和风暴潮威胁加重。海岸防护可以有效抵御海岸侵蚀、风暴风险和海平面上升。本文概述了全球主要沿海国家和地区（欧盟、美国、中国）海岸硬化情况以及海岸硬化带来的生态效应。欧洲海岸线硬化比例为10%（2006年），美国海岸的硬化比例为14%（2015年），而中国海岸线的硬化比例近60%（2014年）。海岸硬化会引起滨海湿地重要物理、化学和生物过程的改变，生境丧失和破碎化，以及生物连通性的改变。增加硬化设施的结构复杂性或由混合型海岸代替传统硬化海岸可以减轻海岸硬化对滨海湿地生态系统的威胁，但对硬质海岸和混合型海岸的生态服务功能以及抵御风暴能力的评估还比较缺乏，有待进一步研究。     

南瓜新品种科栗1号的选育

科栗1号是以S31-1为母本、S4-1为父本配制而成的南瓜一代杂种。植株蔓生,长势中等;分枝较少,叶小,节间短;第1雌花节位第9节左右;嫩瓜扁圆形,瓜皮绿色覆绿色斑点和浅色纵条斑纹,老瓜皮墨绿色。嫩瓜单瓜质量0.5~1.5kg,果实横径9cm左右,纵径13cm左右,糯性好,粉质,品质佳;春季露地和秋季设施栽培嫩瓜产量1500~2000kg·(667m2)-1,早春设施栽培嫩瓜产量3000kg·(667m2)-1左右。适宜浙江省及栽培条件相似的地区推广种植。     

秋冬萝卜新品种晋萝卜4 号的选育

晋萝卜4 号是以雄性不育系4-01A 为母本，自交系03-37-1 为父本配制而成的秋冬萝卜一代杂种，生育期80 d（天）。地上部叶丛半直立，叶片稀疏，肉质根圆柱形，表皮光滑，出土部分皮绿色，入土部分皮白色，近1/2 露出地面。含水量适中，肉质甜脆，商品性好。肉质根纵径30 cm，横径7～8 cm，单根质量1.5 kg，每667 m² 产量5 000 kg 左右。适宜山西省及其周边地区种植。     

实时混合对抗蠕虫的建模和分析

传统的防病毒技术难以抵御蠕虫的传播，为此本文提出实时混合对抗技术，该技术在被对抗蠕虫感染的主机与易感染主机数量相等时转换对抗策略，并建立实时混合对抗蠕虫的传播模型.最后，通过仿真实验从对抗有效性、资源消耗和应对突发事件能力三个方面验证实时混合对抗技术的性能.理论分析和实验结果表明，实时混合对抗技术能更好地满足对抗有效性和低资源消耗要求，并能应对突发事件.     

Phenotypic Changes in Grain Sorghum Over the Last Five Decades

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a drought‐tolerant crop, and its productivity in rain fed environments has increased since the 1950s. This increase is due to changes in agronomic practices and hybrid improvement. The objective of this study was to determine what aspects of grain sorghum morphology, physiology and water use have changed with hybrid improvement and might have contributed to this yield increase. A 2‐year greenhouse experiment was conducted with one hybrid from each of the past five decades. The hybrids were studied in well‐watered and pre‐ and post‐flowering water deficit conditions. Total water use, transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis were measured during the growing period. Biomass and biomass components were measured at harvest. There was no consistent change in the leaf physiological parameters resulting from hybrid advancement. In contrast, total water use increased in rate of 8.5 cm³ kg soil^?1 year^?1 from old to new hybrids in the well‐watered treatments. Root biomass also increased in rate of 0.2 g plant^?1 year^?1. Leaf biomass and panicle length also was greater for the newest compared with the older hybrids. Hybrid advancement was related to increase in panicle length but decrease in peduncle length. Results indicated that hybrid development programmes created hybrids with improved drought avoidance, due to better root density of newly released hybrids, or hybrids with better resource use which ultimately increased yield under rain fed conditions.     

Genetic divergence in two tropical maize composites after four cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection

Two tropical maize composites were subjected to four cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection to develop divergent inbred lines with good combining ability. This study was conducted to examine the extent of genetic diversity, changes in allele composition and genetic structure, of 100 randomly selected S₁ lines each from the original (C₀) and advanced (C₄) selection cycles of TZL COMP3 and TZL COMP4, genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Results revealed that the proportion of alleles at both low and high frequencies decreased from C₀ to C₄, whereas those at intermediate frequencies increased at C₄ in the two composites. More unique and other alleles were lost at C₄ in TZL COMP3 relative to those in TZL COMP4. The changes in different measures of genetic diversity were either small or negligible with selection in the two composites. The proportion of markers departing from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) decreased with selection, whereas the total number of pairs of markers in linkage disequilibrium increased with selection in the two composites. Examination of changes in population structures using a model‐based approach as well as cluster and multivariate analyses found a high degree of concordance in stratifying the 400 S₁ lines into four non‐overlapping groups corresponding to the two selection cycles each within the reciprocal composites. The observed molecular‐based divergence between cycles within the same composite and the clear differentiation between the complementary composites highlight the importance of reciprocal recurrent selection for preserving genetic diversity for long‐term selection. This increases the potential of the advanced selection cycles to sustain genetic gain in productivity of hybrids adapted to the savannas in West and Central Africa.     

绿皮苦瓜新品种冠春5号的选育

冠春5号是以高代自交系327作母本,以自交系186作父本配制而成的苦瓜一代杂种。植株生长势旺盛,早熟,从播种至始收82 d(天)。主侧蔓均可结果,主蔓第1雌花节位为第7~8节。瓜长棒形,瓜长25~35 cm,横径5~7 cm,肉厚0.9~1.0 cm,单瓜质量420 g左右。果表皮浅绿色,点状突起与短条状突起相间瘤状物,尾部钝,果肉脆,苦味淡。早春栽培一般每667 m~2产量约3 000 kg,田间对白粉病和疫病的抗性优于对照新农村油绿苦瓜。适宜四川、重庆等地种植。     

厚皮甜瓜新品种红宝玉的选育

红宝玉是以10R15 为母本、10R8 为父本选育而成的中熟厚皮甜瓜一代杂种。植株长势稳健，抗病抗逆性强。全生育期95～110 d（天），果实发育期30～35 d（天）。果实短椭圆形，成熟后果面乳白色，单果质量约1.5 kg，果肉橘红色，肉厚3.5～4.0 cm，腔小不发酵，中心可溶性固形物含量17.5%，肉质紧脆，不脱蒂，耐贮耐运。平均每667 m²产量3 600 kg 左右。适宜在山东、河北、陕西、安徽等地春季保护地设施栽培。